نشر في باب نات يوم 29 - 06 - 2025

تشهد منظومة الحبوب في تونس خلال الموسم الفلاحي الحالي ارتفاعًا ملحوظًا في الإنتاج، إلى جانب انطلاق مبكر في تأمين البذور الممتازة استعدادًا للموسم القادم، في إطار مساعٍ وطنية لتقليص التوريد وتحقيق قدر من الاكتفاء الذاتي، رغم استمرار تحديات هيكلية، خاصة في مستوى التخزين والتوزيع.
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إنتاج قياسي وقيود لوجستية
* كميات الحبوب المجمعة حتى 26 جوان: 7.1 ملايين قنطار
* التقديرات الوطنية لصابة هذا الموسم: 18 مليون قنطار
➤ يُعد هذا الرقم من أعلى المعدلات خلال السنوات الأخيرة.
ويُعزى هذا التحسّن إلى:
* تحسّن الظروف المناخية خلال الزراعة؛
* توسيع المساحات المزروعة؛
* تكثيف عمليات الإرشاد الفني لتحسين المردودية.
ومع ذلك، فإن طاقة التخزين لا تتجاوز 8.5 ملايين قنطار، ما يُثير مخاوف من اكتظاظ في مراكز التجميع وتأثيره على جودة الصابة، في ظل تفاوت البنية التحتية بين الجهات.
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60% من الحاجيات الوطنية
صرّح معز زغدان، رئيس الاتحاد التونسي للفلاحة والصيد البحري، أن صابة هذا العام قد تُغطّي 60% من الحاجيات الوطنية، مقارنةً ب30% في مواسم سابقة.
ودعا إلى:
* تعبئة ميدانية شاملة لتسريع عمليات التجميع؛
* التدخل العاجل في الولايات التي تعرف تأخرًا لوجستيًا.
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بذور ممتازة: مضاعفة الكميات وتحسين الجودة
* كمية البذور الممتازة المتوفّرة هذا الموسم: 500 ألف قنطار
➤ أي ضعف الكمية المتوفّرة في الموسم الماضي.
* الكميات المجمعة إلى غاية 27 جوان: 150 ألف قنطار
➤ مع توقعات ببلوغ الهدف قبل انطلاق موسم البذر.
أصناف مدعومة محليًا:
* "معالي" (40% من المساحات المبذورة)
* "ذهبي" – "كنوز" – "سليم"
➤ تمتاز هذه الأصناف بمقاومة الأمراض وقدرتها العالية على التأقلم مع التغيرات المناخية.
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مخابر ومعايير وطنية لضمان الجودة
تم تفعيل شبكة وطنية من 27 مخبرًا لتعيير الحبوب، موزعة بين القطاع العمومي والتعاونيات والخواص. وتُعنى هذه المخابر ب:
* توحيد معايير التصنيف؛
* تعزيز الشفافية في التسعير؛
* تقليص الفاقد؛
* تحقيق عدالة في التعاملات التجارية بين الفلاحين والمجمّعين.
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استهلاك مرتفع يفرض مراجعة السياسات
* معدل استهلاك الفرد التونسي: 170 كلغ سنويًا
➤ أكثر من ضعف المعدل العالمي (70 كلغ)
هذه الأرقام تُحتّم، بحسب المختصين:
* مراجعة السياسات الاستهلاكية والغذائية؛
* حملات توعية؛
* تشجيع التنويع الغذائي لتقليص الضغط على منظومة الحبوب.
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دعم رئاسي وتأمين لوجستي
أكد رئيس الجمهورية قيس سعيّد خلال استقباله وزير الدفاع الوطني يوم 2 جوان 2025:
* استعداد الجيش الوطني لتأمين الصابة؛
* توفير فضاءات تخزين إضافية؛
* الإشراف على مشاريع تنموية ومكافحة الجوائح.
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إصلاحات هيكلية لتحقيق الاستدامة
يتفق الفاعلون في القطاع على أن بلوغ منظومة إنتاج غذائي مستدام يمر عبر:
* تطوير سلاسل القيمة؛
* الاستثمار في البحث الزراعي؛
* التوسّع في استعمال البذور الممتازة؛
* وتقليص التبعية للأسواق الخارجية.

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